Johannes Kepler & Kepler's Laws

1. Orbits are ellipses
2. Equal areas in equal times
3. P² = a³

• simulations here and here;
• inner solar system objects in real time
• solar system motions

Galileo Galilei: Astronomer

• Galileo reporting to the funding agency
• Observations: the landscape of the Moon
• Observations: Moons of Jupiter:
  • 1610 sketch
  • modern views: via telescope and up close
  • interactive tool and animation
• Observations: Venus phases
  • Ptolemaic predictions
  • Copernican predictions
  • observed phases

Galileo Galilei: Physicist

• Free body motion
• Free fall: hammer and feather
("Tower of Pisa" experiment)

Newton's Laws

1. Inertia
2. F = ma
3. Action-Reaction
   illustrated in a jump shot