Stellar Evolution on the Main Sequence
- hydrogen burning and mean particle mass
- stellar response: main sequence brightening
- early work: Schwarzschild, Howard, and Harm (1957)
- modern solar model predictions for luminosity and radius evoution (Bahcall+ 2001)
- test: young solar twins
- consequence: faint young sun
- paradox
- possible solutions, e.g., Sagan and Mullen (1972)
Energy Generation in Stars
- energy generation rates from nuclear reactions
- enclosed luminosity and local flux
- role of energy conservation
Radiative Energy Transport
- photon scattering: random walk
- solar photosphere
