Evolution Beyond the Main Sequence: Theory and Observation

• MESA simulations (Paxton+ 2011)
• pre Main Sequence: density and temperature diagram, HR diagram
• Main Sequence and after: density vs temperature diagram, HR diagram
• Gaia HR diagrams: field stars, globular cluster

Final Phases of a Solar Mass Star

• helium flash
• core helium burning
• asymptotic giant branch

Planetary Nebulae

• winds and mass loss: Mira resolved, trailing wake
• planetary nebula ejection and illumination
• observed planetary nebulae:
  
  • Ring Nebula: optical, zoom out
  • lemon slice
  • NGC2022
  • helix
  • spirograph
  • houglass
  • cat's eye
  • egg neubla
• nucleosyntesis and the circle, the circle of life

The End: White Dwarfs

• white dwarf cooling
• Chandra X-ray gallery of white dwarfs and planetary nebulae

Variations on a Theme: Lowest to Intermediate Masses

• Low-Mass Stars
• Lowest-Mass Stars: Brown Dwarfs
• Intermediate-Mass Stars

High-Mass Stars

High-Mass Stars on the Main Sequence

• high effective temperature:
  • ionizing photons
  • HII regions: N108 B, Tarantula Nebula, in the M33 galaxy
• high luminosity:
  • short lifetimes
  • found near birthsites: OB associations